2.
Secularism in India Through the Lens of the Early Modern Hyderabad State

The Hyderabad region has been one of the most religiously diverse regions of India for the past the past three centuries. Located on the Deccan Plateau of central South India, the region’s two largest religious groups have been Muslims and Hindus. Since the establishment of the Nizam, a monarch state that ruled the area for centuries, Hyderabad managed to grow as a separate entity independent of other empires and influences in the Indian subcontinent. This ended with the 1948 annexation of the state into India. The two realistic options for the state at the time were to become part of either Pakistan or India. The majority Hindu population of Hyderabad is ultimately what gave it to India. This shows the strong sense of religious nationalism that is clearly seen in the founding of Pakistan, but more hidden in the beginnings of independent India making secularism an act unachieved by India.

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